​This study deals with an aspect of the modernization attempts adopted by Morocco after gaining independence to improve the conditions of Moroccans after a period that was fraught with oppression and deprivation in the era of the colonizers. At first, Morocco focused on modernizing the agricultural sector, as it is the source of livelihood for the largest part of Moroccans. In 1957, it began launching what was known as the plowing process, with the aim of increasing productivity and modernizing the sector by adopting modern methods in agriculture, benefiting from the colonial experience in this context. The young country also took advantage of the enthusiasm that accompanied the independence period to ensure that social resistance to change was contained, and to convince the Moroccan peasant of the feasibility of modernization. However, the study concludes that the political turmoil that befell the moment, and the state's bet on the rural world and its elites to ensure political balance. Besides the difficulty of technical and economic adaptation to the scheme, it will be quickly doomed to failure despite its positive effects in terms of profitability and the beginning of overcoming the subsistence economy.