​This study examines the memorandum "The Caliphate and the Authority of the People" as a historical, jurisprudential, and legal study. It argues that this study laid the theoretical and ideological groundwork for the abolition of the caliphate after the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. The papers three sections consider the historical context of the document's call to "separate the sultanate from the caliphate"; its most important ideas; and the consequences of separation, then abolition for Arab-Islamic thought, via the models of Muhammad Rashid Rida and Ali Abdel Raziq. The study concludes that although political, ideological, and religious reactions would subsequently centre on the abolition of the caliphate, the crucial implicit role of the document (as a research paradigm) among intellectuals, scholars, and jurisprudents in the Islamic world has been obvious and of great consequence in opening discussions between them.